Generally, a plain snaffle, and you never lean on it. Just a gentle lead. The actual steering occurs thru seat - this is a common misunderstanding. In fact, you stop a horse thru seat as well. If a skilled rider stops his movement in his seat, the horse will change gaits or stop, depending on the rhythm the rider initiates.
British race horses are a completely different issue. They are trained later and are run in both directions, so they're balanced. I'm not saying that there aren't some bad British trainers, but generally, they are much more humane than the Americans, I suspect partially because Brits tend to be OK with waiting - not as impatient as we are. Maybe that's why their cars are slow - they're willing to wait?
By all accounts, Geronimo was a hell of a horseman. If you look at native American riding technique, it's all in the seat. Remember, their hands were busy with bows and arrows, and later, guns, but they steered just fine. Lower leg plays a role, too, but not as much.
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